Rapid fabrication of largearea concave microlens arrays. We demonstrate an optofluidic variablefocus microlens formed by a solid polydimethylsiloxane pdms meniscus channel wall and a tunable liquid lens body. It has been proven that the creep deformation of a pvc gel results from electron injection, ion transfer, and maxwell force in an electric field. Ships in focus publish highquality, illustrated books of shipping history.
Sapphire concave microlens arrays for highfluence pulsed. Spie 8769, international conference on optics in precision engineering and nanotechnology icopen20, 87693q 22 june 20. Introduction of microlens arrays has the ability to increase the fpas fill factor to 100%, while it is only about 21. By taking advantages of high transmittance 70% and low surface roughness 1. Electrowettingondielectric ewod is a fast, wellestablished actuation method for a variety of applications, from microfluidics to electrowetting displays to electrowetting lenses. In this paper, we propose a variable focus microlens module based on a transparent, electroactive, and nonionic pvcdba gel. Coverage includes wellknown ship owning companies, famous individual ships such. A typical microlens may be a single element with one plane surface and one spherical convex. It emerged from two schools of thought, both of which focused on the book in western culture.
Electrowettingdriven variablefocus microlens on flexible. This proves that the designed microlens array with a regulargraded circular holelike. A thermal actuator is introduced into this variable focusing microlens to obtain. The focal length of the microlens is electrically tunable and the response time is about 200. Of these microlenses, tunablefocus microlenses are of special. This paper presents a photolithographically patterned hydrogel microlens with tunable focal length.
Restoring the power of historical learning 9781732120105. A lowtemperature pdmscompatible fabrication process has been developed to reduce the stress on the. Tunable hydrogel microlens with builtin polymer waveguide. The hydrogelactuated liquid microlens was measured at focal lengths of 15. Dan dalys book describes the technology of microlens a.
A lowtemperature fabrication process was developed to reduce the stress on and to avoid any damage to the polymer. Pdf fabrication and actuation of an electrowetting. Through a computer simulation, the microlens arrays are nearly diffraction limited, with the diffraction efficiency of 93%, a bit lower than the theoretical value of 95%. If the session file is still not found, the current directory is searched. The lens can be smoothly wrapped onto a curved surface. Antonie van leeuwenhoek builds a simple microscope with one lens to examine blood, yeast.
Epoclad and epocore epoxies are microfabricated to form the integrated optical platform, combining the mechanical fiber clamps, waveguides and the gel setup. Advances in microfabrication technologies in the past few decades have enabled the design and fabrication of microlenses and microlens arrays through many different approaches. A menu in a restaurant may appear blurred, especially under dim light. The flexivue microlens is for patients with presbyopia, or aging of the eye, who have trouble focusing on near objects and need reading glasses.
Equivalent schematic of the microlens focus of the circular holelike. The general trend towards miniaturisation and parallelism in optics and electrooptics has led to a requirement for arrays of submillimetre sized lenses. Each concave microlens can be generated by a single laser pulse, and over 2. The tulip by anna pavord meet your next favorite book. Variable focus microlens array based on dielectric elastomer actuator. Such an electrically tunablefocus lens is a broadband device and its performance is independent of light polarization. Lytros focus spread feature allows the depth of field depth. Thus, the demand for these microlens arrays has increased dramatically over recent years. Pdf variablefocusing microlens with microfluidic chip.
This implies that it is not easy to achieve long focal microlens by simply enlarge microlens diameters because of photoresist thickness. Microlens arrays solar concentrator design using zemax by. We report a microlens array with a controllable focal length that is based on a selective wetting surface. The packaged microlens chip consists of a flexible polymer lens, a fluidic chamber, an integrated sensor, and an actuator. The trend towards miniaturization in optical imaging, diagnostics and labonachip technology is creating a demand for sophisticated microlenses. The former pages talk page can be accessed at talk. A variablefocus liquid lens using a transparent flat cell is demonstrated. A microlens supersurface film with regular graded circular hole.
Hongrui jiang microlenses and microlens arrays are a vital part of modern optical systems with applications in mems and sensor systems. This book explores the physics and optical properties of a range of. Osa optomechanical analysis of nonlinear elastomer. Design of diffractive microlens array integration with. In the voltageoff state, the droplet is pinned by the polymeric cavity wall, having a spherical shape due to surficial tension, as shown in fig. Design and fabrication of long focal length microlens arrays. When liquid flows over the surface, a small amount of liquid is adhered to hydrophilic holes and forms a lens. Bright, fabrication of tapered su8 structure and effect of sidewall angle for a variable focus microlens using ewod, sensors and actuators a, 62, 546553, 2007. In most membrane microlenses, actuators control the hydraulic pressure of optical fluid so that the elastomer membrane together with the internal optical fluid changes its shape, which alters the. Tunablefocus microlens arrays using nanosized polymer. The study and application of microscale lenses and lens arrays enjoys a long history. A nonionic pvcdba npvc gel on an ito glass was confined beneath a rigid annular electrode, and applied pressure squeezed a bulge of the npvc gel into the annular electrode, resulting in a hemispherical planoconvex npvc gel microlens. In order to confirm the variable focus performance of a single lens cell, a black occluder with an aperture, that was a bit larger than the diameter of the microlens cell, was placed above the test. Liquid tunable microlenses based on mems techniques ncbi.
Lytros light field sensor uses an array of microlenses placed in front of an otherwise conventional. The optical focus of the microlens can be adapted by controlling the absorption of a fluid. Ultraprecision diamond milling of aspheric microlens. Some of the themes emphasized in the book include the pivotal role of completely integrable. Variable focus moire lenses composed of diffractive optical elements does utilize moire patterns, making them ideal for a range of applications. The small sizes of the lenses means that a simple design can give good optical quality but sometimes unwanted effects arise due to optical diffraction at the small features. Fastresponse microlens array fabricated using polyvinyl. History of microscopy timeline science learning hub. A novel method for in situ fabrication of the meniscus channel wall is developed by introducing liquid pdms prepolymer into a microchannel followed by curing.
While the investigation focuses on tensions between technophobia and euphoria, the book also examines the relationship between responses to technology and. This affordable and high precision microlens array design has potential applications in the optical industry for its capability of correcting chromatic aberration. We therefore seek to develop a robust, scalable fabrication method for the realization of ewod on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane pdms substrate in order to increase the range of possible applications. The microlens is fabricated using a soft polymer polydimethylsiloxane. Text andor other creative content from this version of waferlevel optics was copied or moved into microlens with this edit on 15 march 2012. We present a flexible variablefocus converging microlens actuated by electrowetting on dielectric ewod. The top substrate has an aperture which is sealed with a thin elastic. Variable focusing microlens chip for potential sensing. This paper presents the feasibility of creating a hybrid polymerglass achromatic microlens array by compression molding. Variable focus microlens array based on dielectric elastomer actuator summary. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A fast and singlestep process is developed for the fabrication of lowcost, highquality, and largearea concave microlens arrays mlas by the highspeed linescanning of femtosecond laser pulses. A perspectives quick study perspectives on history.
The microlens is made of two immiscible liquids and a soft polymer, polydimethylsiloxane pdms. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. This inability of the eye to focus sharply on nearby objects, resulting from loss of. A lenticular lens sheet consists of a linear array of thick planoconvex cylindrical lenses, known individually as lenticules. Fabrication and evaluation of variable focus and large. Eo39686 and eo55359 was mounted on the camera for observation. We demonstrate a flexible, electrowettingdriven, variablefocus liquid microlens. Variable focus moire lenses trending in optics youtube. Pdf plenoptic cameras, constructed with internal microlens arrays, focus those microlenses at infinity in. Threelight manipulation techniques including tunable optical focusing. Exclusive to optilase in ireland, the presbia flexivue microlens corneal inlay is a safe and effective choice for correction of presbyopia in what ophthalmic surgeons call young patients. Books go search best sellers gift ideas new releases whole foods todays deals amazonbasics coupons gift cards customer service free shipping shopper toolkit registry sell.
The fundamentals of camera and image sensor technology. In this research a doublet design was investigated. A variable focusing microlens chip, which has the capability of adjusting its focal length over a wide range without any mechanical driving parts, is reported in this paper. The nanopdlcbased microlens is optically transparent. To demonstrate our method, the example we used was a variablefocus liquid microlens actuated by thermoresponsive hydrogels. Polymerbased variable focal length microlens system. I feel like this book is a great example of what non history people think history is like.
Sciforum preprints scilit sciprofiles mdpi books encyclopedia mdpi blog. Nonlinear large deformation of a transparent elastomer membrane under hydraulic pressure was analyzed to investigate its optical performance for a variablefocus liquidfilled membrane microlens. Ni alliance partner, graftek imaging, talks about their vision builder for automated inspection vbai demonstration with the varioptic caspian liquid. Variablefocusing microlens with microfluidic chip article pdf available in journal of micromechanics and microengineering 145. The flexivue microlens is then slipped into the little pocket in the cornea and more anaesthetic drops are applied. This appendix lists all the environment variables that can be set when using the micro focus cobol system, and provides a brief summary of each one. The former pages history now serves to provide attribution for that content in the latter page, and it must not be deleted so long as the latter page exists. A lenticular lens sheet consists of a linear array of thick planoconvex cylindrical lenses, known individually as. Nobel prize winner, sir paul nurse, explains how the invention of the microscope lead robert hooke to produce the first recorded observations of cells. Abstract a novel polymerbased fluidactuated variable focal length microlens system with a wide fieldofview fov and large numerical aperture is designed and fabricated using standard photolithographic and silicon micromachining techniques. Parylene intermediate layer is used to produce robust flexible electrode on pdms.
Dear colleagues, the study and application of microscale lenses and lens arrays enjoys a long history. A substrate modified with a hydrophobic layer that has an array of microholes exhibits different wettability for inside holes hydrophilic versus outside holes hydrophobic. Fabrication of tapered su8 structure and effect of sidewall angle for a variable focus microlens using ewod. Selfassembled microlens array with controllable focal.
140 884 29 329 970 820 328 1236 192 1013 1097 348 1515 963 448 701 1372 154 355 495 325 823 804 164 957 191 725 593